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Jun 29, 2012

2013 Mercedes-Benz A-Class

This is full review about 2013 Mercedes-Benz A-Class. The new Mercedes-Benz A-Class is opening up a new chapter in the compact segment: markedly emotive in design, with powerful engines ranging from 80 kW (109 hp) to 155 kW (211 hp), extremely efficient with emissions from just 98 g of CO2/km and a best-in-class drag coefficient of 0.27. At the same time the new model underlines that for Mercedes-Benz, safety is not a question of price - the standard specification includes, amongst other things, the radar-based COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST system. Prices in Germany start at €23,978.50 (incl. 19% VAT) for the A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY.

"Mercedes-Benz is becoming the most dynamic premium brand in the world. As part of this development, the A-Class represents an important milestone. The A-Class is completely new, down to the last detail. In automotive development, it's not often you get the chance to start with a clean sheet of paper. Our engineers have made the very most of that opportunity", explains Dr Dieter Zetsche, Chairman of the Board of Management of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars.

Exterior design: The most progressive design in the compact class

Standing as much as 18 centimetres lower on the road than the preceding model, the new A-Class communicates design and dynamism at the very first glance. This radical form language, presented and enthusiastically acclaimed around the world with the A-Class Concept, was consistently implemented in the series production car. The appearance of the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class reflects this new Mercedes-Benz design strategy. The result is what is known as a two-box design with a distinct character of its own, a sportily emotive exterior and an exceptionally high-quality feel to the interior.





















"Translating the new dynamic style of Mercedes-Benz into the compact class was a challenge that was great fun to tackle", explains Gorden Wagener, Head of Design at Mercedes-Benz. "No other car in this segment is as progressive as the Mercedes-Benz A-Class. Absolutely typical for Mercedes is the sculptural shape of the A-Class. The character lines, in particular on its sides, lend the Mercedes-Benz A-Class structure and terseness. The new dynamic style is perceptible at first glance in the interior as well."

Defined edges and tautly drawn surfaces mark out the exterior design of the new A-Class. The constant interplay between concave and convex surfaces creates a characteristic play of light, particularly along the sides of the car, which contributes to its unique appearance.

Typical features of the long, sporty front are its pronounced V-shape, the separate headlamps, the radiator grille with central Mercedes star and double slats to either side of the star, as well as the additional air intakes on the sides. The "dropping line" apparent in the side profile dissipates towards the vehicle's front end. The design of the headlamps, together with the configuration of the light functions within them, are a key element of the design concept.

The light modules and LEDs behind the headlamp cover glass have been arranged in such a way as to create the characteristic "flare effect" for the daytime driving lights and indicators. The so-called "flare" is made up of the feature line within the headlamp, the LED modules for the daytime running lamps and the bulb sets for the indicators. This signature effect gives the car its energetic look and so helps to define a new, youthful face for Mercedes.

The perfect interplay of dynamic design and excellent aerodynamics is nowhere more apparent than in the roof, with its smooth surfaces and taut, arcing curve. The silhouette reveals smooth, flowing lines finishing in a flat edge. The roof spoiler, which conveniently hides all the aerials, provides an extra sporty touch and gives structure to the roof assembly. The beltline rises to the rear to form a pronounced wedge-shape. The side view is distinguished by sensuously moulded sculptural side panels and crisp lines. The front structural edge, above the wing, falls in what is known as a "dropping line" in a gentle arc towards the rear. The powerfully-shaped shoulder muscles above the rear axle serve to emphasise the car's coupé-like character. A further line sweeps up from just in front of the rear wheel arch, then gently fades away. All these lines give depth and dynamism to the car's profile. Dynamic side sill panels provide a final finishing touch towards the bottom of the car, enhancing the appearance of elegant light-footedness.

The broad emphasis of the tail end is revealed in an interplay of convex-concave surfaces and edges. The tail lights continue the line of the muscular shoulders back towards the rear, while their horizontal orientation emphasises the car's powerful breadth. The light functions are provided optionally by fibre-optic cables and LED modules. Here, too, the interaction between design and aerodynamics is very clear: the surface finish of the tail lights is not only an interesting design feature, but also improves the airflow around the vehicle thanks to defined airflow break-away edges in the rear section.

Interior design: Extraordinary perceived value

The starting point for the interior design was the interior sculpture "Mercedes-Benz Aesthetics No. 2" presented at the Detroit Motor Show in 2011 and which directed attention to the new Mercedes-Benz design language in the vehicle interior, too. The first concrete implementation of this was shown in April 2011 with the A-Class Concept.

"The inspiration from aircraft design is continued in the A-Class", explains designer Jan Kaul. "The instrument panel is clearly divided into an upper part inspired on a wing profile and a muscular lower section. This creates the impression that the upper section is supported by a muscle."

The process used for the production of this muscle allows diverse soft surface textures. It is thus possible to create different surface appearances with an attractive play of lights thanks to three-dimensional structures embedded in foil.

"The interior of the A-Class represents a big step forward in terms of quality - both in the materials used and in the consistency of the design" says Kaul. Both objectives have been achieved with the help of a specific design idiom and through the various combination options possible with the high-quality materials selected. All trim elements have been given an electroplated finish, resulting in real metal surfaces with "cool touch" effect. The work has been executed with considerable care and attention to detail, so that they appear to have been moulded in one piece.

The instrument panel incorporates five round vents. "Like brilliant jewels they underscore the superior quality of the vehicle interior", explains Kaul. The outer rings of the round vents have a high-quality electroplated finish. The airflow direction is governed by an insert that is reminiscent of an aircraft turbine and reveals a meticulous attention to detail. This too has an electroplated finish in silver-chrome. The free-standing display screen features a black piano-lacquer-look front panel and a flush-fitting silver frame.

The instrument cluster comprises two large round instruments, each with a small dial set within it. When at rest, the dial needles stand at 6 o'clock. The pointer inlays are in white, although with the sportier design and equipment lines such as Urban and AMG Sport they are in red. The dials on the sporty equipment lines and packages are coloured silver with a chequered flag effect. The 3-spoke steering wheel comes with 12 function buttons and an electroplated bezel.

The centre dome and console, as well as the positioning of the various elements such as the head unit, lower control panel, air conditioning operating unit, stowage compartments, rotary pushbutton and armrest, reflect the findings of the ergonomics experts at Mercedes-Benz.

An extensive range of seat coverings, in terms of material (e.g. leather, fabric, ARTICO/fabric), colour combination and also geometry, provides scope for a broad range of individualisation options. Sports seats with integrated head restraints are available with all optional design and equipment lines. The sporty nature of the seats is emphasised by the opening between the upper edge of the seat backrest and the head restraint. On the back of the front seats this opening is edged with a frame in silver chrome and, in conjunction with the Light and Sight package, can also feature ambient lighting.

Designer Jan Kaul sums up: "If you were to take a seat in the A-Class with your eyes closed - you would never think, upon opening your eyes, that you were sitting in a compact-class vehicle."

The chassis and suspension: Agility and refined sportiness

Refined sportiness means maximum agility combined with the sense of safety, unspoilt driving stability and high levels of ride comfort which are all typical of the brand. The suspension of the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class has a four-link rear axle, electromechanical power steering with assistance functions and ESP® with "Extended Traction Control" (XTC). During development, the suspension experts made intensive use of simulations and the driving simulators at the Mercedes development centre in Sindelfingen as part of the so-called digital ride and handling test.

The preconditions for achieving dynamic handling are excellent in the Mercedes-Benz A-Class. This is because compared with its predecessor the centre of gravity (24 mm lower) and seating position (174 mm lower) has been reduced significantly. A new feature is the four-link rear axle: forces are absorbed by three control arms and one trailing arm per wheel. This means that longitudinal and lateral dynamics are virtually independent of one another. Wheel carriers and spring links are made of aluminium to reduce the unsprung masses. The goal was to achieve high lateral agility with high driving stability thanks to small sideslip angle on the rear axle.

Three chassis and suspension set-ups are available: the comfort suspension and optional sports suspension for sporty yet comfortable handling (in conjunction with the Dynamic Handling package or the AMG Sport equipment line). In addition, the A 250 Sport has a sporty, "engineered by AMG" high-performance suspension. Altogether this results in low dynamic rolling behaviour and low start-off pitch angle. Furthermore, the vehicle also has a reduced tendency to understeer in the higher lateral acceleration range: the driver is therefore able to control changes in direction with low steering input but high steering precision. When accelerating out of bends taken at speed, the tendency to understeer is reduced even further by "Extended Traction Control" (XTC): with this function, ESP®provides support in the form of directional stability by generating a yaw moment on the front and rear wheels located on the inside of the bend.

Steering: mechanical with electric assistance

The electromechanical steering of the A-Class has been redesigned. The electric motor of the servo assistance system is now located directly on the steering gear as a dual pinion EPS system. The steering system makes an important contribution to the vehicle's overall efficiency, as the steering assist function only requires energy when steering actually takes place. A Direct-Steer system is available in combination with the Dynamic Handling package or AMG Sport equipment line. This provides a noticeably more direct steering ratio over the turning angle thanks to the variable ratio, and enhances the vehicle's handling and agility substantially. The steering conveys a high sense of safety, as the driver experiences a consistent and precise response to all steering movements.

The electric power steering also enables various steering assistance functions which are activated by the ESP® control unit. These include
  • Countersteering in case of oversteering 
  • Corrective steering when braking on road surfaces offering different levels of grip (split-fraction braking) 
  • Mitigating the extent to which the front-wheel drive influences the steering 
  • Compensating crosswind and road gradients 
  • The electric power steering also makes Active Park Assist possible.
With all engine variants, the Mercedes-Benz A-Class comes with disc brakes on all wheels. The callipers on the rear axle and the brake boosters are made of aluminium. A particularly convenient feature is the HOLD function, which is familiar from the larger model series: when stopping, for example at traffic lights, the driver merely has to press the brake pedal slightly more firmly and the brake will remain engaged until he moves off again. The brake is released automatically when the driver steps on the accelerator. On versions with manual transmission, the Hill Hold function automatically prevents the vehicle from rolling back unintentionally when starting on a slope.

The Mercedes-Benz A-Class is equipped with an electric parking brake, which operates by means of actuator motors acting on the callipers of the rear axle. The parking brake is activated via a button under the light switch on the left of the dashboard. This creates additional space in the centre console, as the handbrake lever is no longer required. When the button is pressed at speeds of over four km/h, the parking brake acts as an emergency brake, activating all four wheel brakes via the ESP®'s hydraulic unit.

In conjunction with the 7G-DCT automatic transmission, the parking brake offers a particularly convenient mode of functioning: when the driver accelerates sufficiently after fastening their seat belt, the parking brake is released automatically.

Aerodynamics: Saving fuel the aerodynamic way

With a drag coefficient (Cd) value of 0.27, the aerodynamic experts at Mercedes-Benz succeeded in creating another masterpiece with the Mercedes-Benz A-Class. And the A 180 BlueEFFICIENCY Edition due to follow later is even able to exceed this record for hatchback vehicles: thanks to a number of aerodynamic enhancements, this beacon of efficiency achieves a Cd value of 0.26.

Countless flow simulation studies on the computer and a great deal of fine tuning in the wind tunnel resulted in a clear goal: to enhance the basic shape of the A-Class design further, with a view to achieving an exceptional drag coefficient. This is no easy task, particularly for a hatchback model with a short rear overhang. But an improvement in the Cd value of just one hundredth will reduce fuel consumption by one tenth of a litre per 100 km when driving on the motorway at approx. 120 km/h. Based on NEDC figures, this corresponds to a CO2 reduction of one gram per kilometre.

With a Cd value of 0.27 and a frontal area of 2.20 m2, the drag area (CdA) is less than 0.6 m2 - a benchmark figure for hatchback vehicles in this segment.

The detailed work behind this development is highlighted by the following examples:
  • The distinctive side spoilers next to the rear window ("finlets") help to create a run-on design which significantly reduces the disruptive longitudinal vortices generated at the D-pillars. 
  • Flow losses at the front wheel arches have been reduced substantially with the aid of patented serrated wheel spoilers at front and rear, slots in the wheel arches and optimised hub caps. These measures result in improved wind flow around the wheel arches. 
  • The Mercedes-Benz A-Class has an adjustable radiator shutter, already familiar in larger model series. The louvres behind the radiator grille are for the most part closed when there is no specific need for cooling air. 
  • The underbody has also been aerodynamically enhanced: the main floor panel features extensive cladding up to the rear wheel arch, followed by additional cladding of the rear axle. The rear silencer has also undergone aerodynamic optimisation. 
  • The new A-Class features exterior mirrors which have been optimised in terms of a number of details and already proven their excellent aerodynamic properties in large model series such as the S, E and C-Class, and also the B-Class. The position of the exterior mirror is adjusted in respect of the A-pillar in such a way that the airflow is directed along the side window without any significant interference or disruption.
The exterior mirrors and the low stepped height of the A-pillars reflect the fact that the work conducted in the wind tunnel was not just about optimising the flow conditions, but also about minimising wind noise. And in addition to aerodynamics and aeroacoustics, there is often another discipline to consider: in terms of water management too, the flow around the exterior mirrors and the A-pillars also has to be optimised in the wind tunnel in order to guarantee good visibility is maintained towards the rear and at the sides during wet weather.

More than with previous model series, in the case of the Mercedes-Benz A-Class the aerodynamics experts at Mercedes-Benz made particular use of flow simulation (CFD, Computational Fluid Dynamics): each component was first improved over several cycles using flow simulation before having its aerodynamic properties put to the test in the wind tunnel.

Digital flow simulation is based on so-called finite volumes as a mathematical model. A volume net is formed from around 60 million hexahedrons, or cubes, and is based around the CAD data of the new A-Class. This enables the driving cycle to be simulated over a free area in a large virtual wind tunnel. The Mercedes engineers generate the airflow using a predetermined turbulence level.

Setting new standards in terms of Cd value and consumption: BlueEFFICIENCY Edition

Due to follow later is the A 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Edition boasting even better consumption levels. It is among the most efficient vehicles of its class: thanks to a series of additional aerodynamic optimisation measures, it has been possible to reduce its Cd value from 0.27 (standard model) to 0.26.

These measures include:
  • partially covering the upper part of the radiator grille 
  • aerodynamically shaped spring link coverings to improve the underbody airflow at the rear axle 
  • lowering of the suspension by 15 mm
Diesel engines: three efficient power bands

The new basic engine in the OM 607 series develops 80 kW (109 hp), delivers 260 Nm to the crankshaft and with a manual transmission consumes 3.8 litres per 100 km, corresponding to 98 g of CO2/km. This is a 22-percent improvement over the only 60 kW (82 hp) preceding model, the A 160 CDI, which consumed 4.9 litres. The new top diesel, the A 220 CDI, is no less than 25 percent better than its predecessor: it develops an output of 125 kW (170 hp) and 350 Nm of torque, and in combination with the 7G-DCT automatic dual clutch transmission it consumes only 4.3 litres/100 km (provisional figure). The figures for the preceding A 200 CDI were 103 kW(140 hp), 5.7 litres, and 149 g of CO2/km.

Petrol engines: turbocharging and direct injection for all

A comparison between the new and previous A 200 demonstrates what has been achieved with the petrol engines: with 115 kW(156 hp) and 250 Nm of torque, the new engine delivers superior performance but consumes only 5.4 litres/100 km (127g CO2/km - figures for the 7G-DCT), which is 26 percent less than its predecessor (100 kW, 185 Nm, 7.4 l/100 km, 174 g CO2/km). Even the new top model with the 7G-DCT and producing 155 kW(211 hp) and 350 Nm is considerably more efficient with a consumption of 6.1 litres and CO2 emissions of 143 g.

The completely new engines and transmissions are not the only decisive factors in this exemplary efficiency. Thanks to the modular system it has been possible to select the optimally designed transmission for each diesel and petrol engine. The overall package is rounded off perfectly with progressive aerodynamics with a Cd figure of only 0.27, as well as a number of other improvements.

"The new four-cylinder models from Mercedes-Benz occupy a leading position by virtue of their performance, high efficiency and very low emissions. They impress with their smooth, superior power delivery and offer customers refinement at the highest level," says Professor Dr Thomas Weber, Daimler Board Member responsible for Group Research and Mercedes-Benz Cars Development.

The 7G-DCT dual clutch transmission: Dynamic and efficient

Drawing on over 50 years of experience in the development and production of automatic transmissions, Mercedes-Benz ventured into new technical territory with the 7G-DCT dual clutch transmission: the new system is an automated three-shaft manual transmission consisting of two subtransmissions, each with its own clutch. Both actuation of the clutches and gear shifting take place fully automatically and without any interruption in tractive power. This allows a particularly comfortable but nevertheless dynamic mode of driving.

Thanks to its seven gears it offers an exceptionally large spread of up to 7.99. This means that a very short transmission ratio is available when moving off on an uphill slope with a high payload, for example, while during cruising the engine speed can be lowered considerably. The efficiency of this transmission leads to a nine percent improvement in fuel consumption compared to the CVT employed in the Mercedes-Benz A-Class to date, and betters the consumption with a manual transmission.

At a length of 367 millimetres and a weight of 86 kilograms, the 7G-DCT is more compact and lighter than the transmissions in this torque class which have been available on the market to date. The clutches take the form of oil-cooled multi-disc clutches. The specially developed hydraulic fluid is actively cooled, thus ensuring correct functioning of the transmission even under extreme conditions, despite the comparatively low filling level of six litres. Excess engine heat can also be transferred to the transmission, which improves its efficiency.

For the first time on this type of unit, the transmission is supplied with oil by two oil pumps - one mechanical and one electric. The electric pump maintains the oil pressure when the engine is switched off via the start/stop function. This means that the transmission is immediately operational when the engine is restarted and the vehicle can move off again without any delay. In addition, the electric pump is able to support the mechanical pump when peak loads apply, enabling a more compact and efficient design for the mechanical pump.

Another new feature is electric activation of the hydraulics for the parking lock, which is locked by mechanical means. This "park by wire" function enables the transmission selector lever to be positioned as desired: it is located in the form of a steering column lever on the right behind the steering wheel in the A-Class. In combination with the electric parking brake, additional space has thus been created in the centre console for additional stowage facilities.

Three gearshift modes are available to the driver:
  • ECONOMY: in this mode, the transmission performs gearshifts fully automatically and particularly comfortably. The gears are selected with due regard to a particularly economical style of driving at low revs 
  • SPORT: the transmission performs gearshifts fully automatically. The shift and response times are shorter, with gearshifts at higher engine speeds 
  • MANUAL: in this mode, the driver operates the transmission manually via shift paddles behind the steering wheel. The engine speeds at which the gears are shifted can therefore be freely chosen
In ECO or Sport mode, the driver is still able to intervene manually in the gear-shifting process via the shift paddles. The transmission reverts to the selected automatic mode after the paddles have remained inactive for twelve seconds, or after a longer delay when driving downhill or on winding roads.

A key factor contributing to the overall efficiency and dynamism of the A-Class is the closely coordinated operation of the transmissions and engines. A continuous exchange of data between the control units ensures that the engines run at the ideal operating point at all times. The 7G ‑DCT transmission is manufactured at Daimler's Stuttgart-Hedelfingen plant.

The six-speed manual transmission: Comfortable manual gearshifts

The new six-speed manual transmission was developed in parallel with 7G-DCT. It is extremely compact and shares a number of common parts.

The three-shaft transmission is also very compact (length 345 mm) and light (dry weight 46 kg) and incorporates a number of special features for particularly pleasant gearshifting. An integrated magnet on the gearshift shaft is detected by a Hall sensor. The idle position is identified in this way, making the start/stop function possible. The signal for reverse gear activates the reversing lights.

The large spread of 6.7 allows a reduction in engine speed while at the same time ensuring that sufficient tractive power is available when moving off with a fully laden Mercedes-Benz A-Class and trailer up to a gross weight of 3.4 tonnes. The clutch is operated hydraulically and the gears are actuated via cables.

The overhead camshaft with third and fourth gears and the reverse gear do not run in the oil bath. This reduces drag torque, thus facilitating gear shifting at low temperatures in particular. The three-cone synchronisation of the first two gears serves the same purpose, while the following gears are provided with two-cone synchronisation. The weight-optimised cast aluminium shift forks are installed on anti-friction bearings on the shift rods, in order to reduce the shift forces.

Passive safety: A strong basis and intelligent protection

"One star is all you need" - the Mercedes-Benz safety philosophy also applies to the new A-Class. Its safety equipment, some features of which are traditionally found in much higher vehicle categories, includes belt tensioners and belt force limiters for the rear seats, too, the PRE-SAFE® anticipatory occupant protection system and the active bonnet for pedestrian protection. The line-up also includes seven airbags as standard and the Mercedes automatic emergency call system.

The new Mercedes-Benz A-Class has passed the brand's rigorous programme of crash tests. This includes not only some 30 different impact configurations, which are laid down as requirements for safety ratings and international type approval, but also nine proprietary crash tests, such as the roof-drop test or the pole impact test, developed by the brand itself.

The ability of the new A-Class to satisfy requirements which go far beyond the statutory conditions in some cases is also demonstrated by an internal offset front collision test against a future luxury-segment saloon from Mercedes-Benz: despite the high impact speed and the fact that it is the smaller accident participant, the A-Class offers its occupants an intact passenger compartment and excellent chances of survival.

The bodyshell structure provides the basis for the high standard of passive safety, both in terms of material - the proportion of high-strength and ultra-high-strength sheet steel stands at 67 percent - and with regard to its structural design. Key features of the front-end structure are the systematic implementation of an available crash length of 435 millimetres, load distribution over several planes, the new bulkhead and floor concept and the subframe as a deformation element.

A total of three longitudinal member planes - consisting of the straight front longitudinal members, a second, upper plane attached to the front end consisting of extruded aluminium box sections and a third plane at the bottom in front of the subframe - allow impact energy to be reduced in a controlled manner.

The subframe provides the torque support for the transverse engine / transmission block and serves to attach the components for the front axle and steering. It consists of several steel plates, some in ultra-high-strength steel, and a hydroformed tube. In order to optimise its deformation properties, the subframe is connected via two aluminium struts leading forward to the aluminium radiator mount located under the front end. In the event of a frontal impact, forces can be discharged at an early juncture into the subframe via this third load path, in order to ensure the best possible energy dissipation.

A plastic crash wedge which is fitted at the rear of the front wheel arches helps to ensure that the wheels do not slide under the front doors in the event of a high-impact crash, irrespective of the turning angles. This means that it will be possible to open the doors, even after a serious accident.

The bulkhead also incorporates a special feature: so-called "skate runners" in front of the two middle longitudinal members discharge forces into the floor. The continuous floor structure consists of a total of four straight longitudinal members. The tunnel roof reinforcements at front and rear combine with the tunnel to provide a further closed profile supporting the front end.

Controlled deformation: protection in side-on crashes

Rigid side structures and defined deformation management help to safeguard the survival space for occupants in the event of a side impact. Elements here include the so-called "pole support", a member fitted diagonally in the rear footwell between centre tunnel and floor side wall which is intended to prevent the floor from being torn open in the event of side impact with a tree.

High-strength steels are used in the upper area of the B-pillar in order to minimise intrusion and to preserve the passenger cell in case of side impact. The lower area of the B-pillar is softer, in the interests of energy dissipation. The safety experts at Mercedes-Benz have christened the crack management system on the insides of the B-pillar "vampire teeth". In a serious side-on crash, the seat belt retractor presses against the inner wall of the B-pillar. To prevent this from leading to a transverse crack which might affect structural integrity, small, tooth-like recesses define the crack direction.

Pedestrian protection: comprehensive measures including Active Bonnet

The protection of those road users who are most at risk has always been a top priority during the development of Mercedes passenger cars. The new Mercedes-Benz A-Class features numerous protective measures designed to help lessen the risk of injury to pedestrians. In order to reduce the loads which arise in the event of a pedestrian impact on the bonnet of the vehicle, the deformation space between the bonnet and the components beneath it has been optimised. This is achieved in part through the appropriate positioning of components such as control units or fluid reservoirs in the engine compartment.

In the case of the A-Class, with its sporty, low-slung body, an active bonnet is also used. In the event of a pedestrian impact, sophisticated sensors combined with intelligent algorithms trigger actuators in the area of the bonnet hinges. These raise the bonnet by 65 millimetres. The additional space which this creates between the bonnet and the components in the engine compartment means that a head is subject to comparatively low internal acceleration forces on impact.

The deformation characteristics of the bonnet have been developed specifically to meet these requirements. Reductions in the impact loads can be achieved by using aluminium and reinforcing the inside face of the bonnet.

On all seats: intelligent restraint systems

The Mercedes-Benz A-Class protects its passengers with up to nine airbags. The standard complement comprises driver and front-passenger airbag, a kneebag for the driver, large thorax-pelvisbags incorporated in the seat to protect the chest, stomach and pelvis area and windowbags. The windowbags extend over both rows of seats to the A-pillar triangle. They serve to protect the occupants' heads from hard contact in the event of side impact and can also help to keep limbs inside the vehicle in an accident. The driver and front passenger airbags operate in two stages, according to the expected severity of the impact. The gas generator first of all fills the driver's airbag with 60 and the front passenger's airbag with 70 per cent gas. If a more severe impact is forecast, the second stage of the gas generator will additionally be activated after a delay and the airbags will be filled at a higher pressure level. Sidebags for the rear are optionally available.

The high safety expertise of the Mercedes-Benz A-Class's developers is reflected in a host of details. The deformable steering column yields by up to 100 millimetres when the driver exerts pressure on the airbag as a result of forward displacement in an accident, for example. The comfort features also reveal a fine touch: the driver's airbag is connected to a vibration absorber in the steering wheel to reduce vibrations, for example.

The head restraints for driver and front passenger are new developments. The onus in developing the new restraints was on further reducing the risk of whiplash injury. Key to effective whiplash prevention is the best possible adjustment of the distance from the rear of the occupants' heads. The restraint incorporates a button for this purpose on the left-hand side (as seen in the direction of travel). This release mechanism can be pressed to unlock the head restraint and increase the distance between head and head restraint. The button does not need to be pressed in order to reduce the distance. This enables single-handed operation in all adjustment positions.

Family-friendly: comprehensive precautionary measures in the rear

In developing the new A-Class, the Mercedes-Benz safety experts have also attached great importance to the safety of the rear-seat occupants. The new model therefore meets the relevant requirements of the Japanese and Chinese NCAP institutes which also take account of factors such as the ease of use of the rear seat belts. Experts believe that Euro NCAP will extend its rating programme to include rear-seat safety in the medium term. The A-Class is already prepared for this and is a role model in this respect - both within and beyond its own vehicle category - with features such as standard-fit belt tensioners and belt force limiters for the outer rear seats. A torsion bar in the roller mechanism twists when the load on it exceeds a defined level. In this way the belt force is limited and with it the load on the seat occupant.

The Mercedes-Benz A-Class's family-friendly features also include the ISOFIX child seat securing system on the outer seats. Child seats can additionally be fixed to the vehicle by means of special anchorage points with top tethers.

Innovation in the compact class: anticipatory occupant protection system

The PRE-SAFE® anticipatory occupant protection system is available in the A-Class for the first time. This represents a further step in the on-going democratisation of this innovation, which was premiered in the S-Class in 2002.

PRE-SAFE® from Mercedes-Benz uses the time between detection of a potential accident situation and a possible collision to initiate preventive protection measures, thus reducing the loads exerted on the occupants in the event of a crash by up to 40 percent.

Core features of PRE-SAFE® are reversible belt tensioning, the closing of side windows and sliding sunroof when critical lateral dynamics are detected and adjustment of the fully electric front passenger seat with memory function to an ideal position for maximum effectiveness of the restraint systems.

PRE-SAFE® is activated when one of the following parameters is met: emergency braking, panic braking, pronounced over- or understeering, critical steering movements or heavy support by adaptive Brake Assist.

Mercedes-Benz automatic emergency call system: faster assistance at the scene of an accident

In combination with COMAND Online, the new Mercedes-Benz A-Class is equipped with the Mercedes-Benz emergency call system. As long as COMAND Online is connected to a mobile phone, the Mercedes-Benz emergency call system can automatically alert the emergency services within a matter of minutes in the event of a serious accident.

After the airbags or belt tensioners are triggered, the vehicle's exact GPS position and vehicle identification number (VIN) are sent by SMS to a special emergency centre, with positional data also being transmitted using the DTMF method (dual-tone multi-frequency) at the same time. Even if the occupants are unconscious or unsure of exactly where they are because they are on a holiday trip, for example, the emergency services alerted by the emergency centre will be notified quickly with accurate information. The driver can also make the emergency call manually as "MB emergency call" is always the first entry in the system phone directory.

On receiving the call, the emergency centre establishes voice contact with the vehicle occupants in a matter of seconds. A particularly practical aspect in an emergency is that the communication is held not in the language of the country where the accident has occurred but in the language which the driver has preset in COMAND Online.

Other than any mobile phone communication charges, which would only arise in the event of an actual emergency call, no charges are incurred by the driver for the emergency call facility and no contractual relationship - other than the regular mobile phone contract - is required.

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This is full review about 2013 Lancia Flavia. With its free and sophisticated spirit, the new Lancia Flavia proves it is the quintessence of open air driving pleasure with 4 genuine seats. It is the ideal answer for a customer who wants the advantages of a coupé without sacrificing the unique sensations that only a convertible has to offer. That's not all. The new convertible is the most interesting option of this market segment able to win over a customer who demands not only a substantial product, but also a distinctive and unique style. Besides, whoever chooses a Lancia vehicle starts a new trend because he follows only his own personality.

It is the perfect expression of the Italian way of life, the beauty of Italian lifestyle based on taste, imagination, style and refinement. The new front wheel drive Lancia Flavia guarantees a refined driving experience unparalleled by any other in its segment, whether tackling the daily trip in town to go to the office or when taking to splendid panoramic roads out of town on weekends.

In terms of length (4.9 metres), height (1.4 m) and width (1.8 m), the new Lancia is at the top of segment D, offering the ultimate in interior room (it can perfectly accommodate up to four adults) and on-board comfort, with its generous 276-cm wheelbase.

Distinguished by an elegant and dynamic look, Lancia Flavia has a sculpturesque front end sporting the unprecedented grille with Lancia logo and the original front headlights and fog lights. Furthermore, the surface of the side panel is extremely clean, in addition to being distinguished by a sleek line, which lengthens the car and lends it dynamism, and by elegant 18" alloy wheels.






















The rear LED light clusters stylistically connected by a thin chrome-plated bar that further enhances their overall look contribute to accentuating the original design. This impression is further reinforced by the unusual chrome-plated tailpipe and by the sophisticated electrically-controlled soft top enclosed inside the hood cover, harmoniously built into the body with the third brake light at its base.

So, if "elegance and dynamism" describe the exterior of the new Flavia, the guidelines inside are refinement and innovation, in perfect tune with the Italian style and the craftsmanship quality that has always distinguished Lancia cars. Aesthetic refinement that flows through the entire passenger compartment and wraps around driver and passengers in a warm "embrace" thanks to the careful selection of fine materials, the attention devoted to the smallest detail and the adoption of cutting-edge comfort, safety and driving pleasure content.

Therefore, the new Lancia Flavia boasts a sophisticated environment that will without a doubt win over a customer who seeks exclusiveness, technology and Italian taste in a car. A new console has been created for him. It has elegant chrome-plated frames and a large central display; a brand new steering wheel wrapped in leather complete with built-in controls for managing radio, cruise control and phone in total safety; and newly designed seats upholstered in fine leather, complete with practical "active" headrests.

Produced at the Sterling Heights plant in Michigan (USA), in keeping with the stylistic features of the Lancia brand, the glamorous Lancia Flavia Cabrio interprets the Chrysler 200 Convertible model being launched on the European market. In Italy Lancia Flavia is offered in a single, exclusive version that is "all inclusive". As the name itself intimates, it offers a wealth of standard equipment, from the top quality leather upholstery, electronic stability control (ESC) and traction, latest-generation ABS and four airbags (front multi-stage and side) to the ISOFIX mountings for transporting children in complete safety, the innovative Uconnect® multimedia system complete with satellite navigation system, and the sophisticated "Boston Acoustic Sound System".

The new Lancia Flavia is equipped with a 2.4 litre petrol engine combined with a 6-speed automatic transmission that delivers a maximum power of 170 HP at 6000 rpm and a maximum torque of 220 Nm at 4500 rpm.

Lancia Flavia completes one of the broadest ranges on the international automotive scene

The Lancia Flavia launch completes the Lancia range in an important year, which began with the new 5-door Ypsilon marketing and continued with the debut of the flagship Thema and the best Voyager ever. These latter two cars - together with the brand-new Lancia Flavia that, in keeping with the stylistic features of the Lancia brand, interprets the Chrysler 200 Convertible model being launched on the European market - are the best demonstration of how it is possible to join two worlds so geographically distant yet so close in their essence. This perfect alchemy expertly combines typically American dimensions, personality and performance with the interior elegance, comfort and exclusivity of great Lancias.

The result is a new automotive dynasty founded on the will to excel in the future and on the values engraved in its century-old history: design and innovation. Without forgetting the Delta and Musa models that complete one of the widest ranges on the international scene that starts with segment B to reach the Large MPV segment, also including the medium, flagship and convertible segments.

Style: elegance on the outside, refinement on the inside

Superior in design, aerodynamic in forms and sinuous between the folds of the wind. The new Flavia boasts an unconventional beauty that combines elegance on the outside and innovation on the inside, in perfect tune with the Italian style and the craftsmanship quality that has always distinguished Lancia cars.

Elegant and dynamic look embellished with a next-generation soft top

Distinguished by an elegant and dynamic look, Lancia Flavia has a sculpturesque front end sporting the unprecedented grille with Lancia logo and the original front headlights and fog lights. Furthermore, the surface of the side panel is extremely clean, in addition to being distinguished by a sleek line, which lengthens the car and lends it dynamism, and by elegant 18" alloy wheels.

The rear LED light clusters stylistically connected by a thin chrome-plated bar that further enhances their overall look contribute to accentuating the original design. This impression is further reinforced by the unusual chrome-plated tailpipe and by the sophisticated electrically controlled black soft top enclosed within the soft top cover, harmoniously built into the body with the third brake light at its base.

The exterior colours available at launch are Bright White and Mineral Grey, which can be matched with two interior shades - black and two-tone black and white - and one soft top colour, black. Afterwards the colour range of Lancia Flavia will be enriched with the Deep Cherry, Silver, Black and Blackberry body colours in addition to a beige soft top.

A sophisticated passenger compartment marked by a combination of "refinement and innovation"

So, if "elegance and dynamism" describe the exterior of the new Lancia Flavia, the guidelines inside are refinement and innovation, in perfect tune with the Italian style and the craftsmanship quality that has always distinguished Lancia cars. Aesthetic refinement that flows through the entire passenger compartment and wraps around driver and passengers in a warm "embrace" thanks to the careful selection of fine materials, the attention devoted to the smallest detail and the adoption of cutting-edge comfort, safety and driving pleasure content.

The new Lancia Flavia therefore boasts a sophisticated environment that will without a doubt win over a customer who seeks exclusiveness, technology and Italian taste in a car. A new console has been created for him. It has elegant chrome-plated frames and a large central display; a brand new steering wheel wrapped in leather complete with built-in controls for managing radio, cruise control and phone in total safety; and newly designed seats upholstered in fine leather, complete with practical "active" headrests.

Generous size and comfort, making it the best in class

In terms of length (4.9 metres), height (1.4 m) and width (1.8 m), the new Lancia is at the top of the segment, offering the ultimate in interior room (it can accommodate up to four adults) and on-board comfort, with its generous 276-cm wheelbase.

In the same way, the space for the front passenger and driver is the largest in its category: 1.07 metres of legroom and 1.43 metres for the shoulders. Lastly, the new Flavia boasts a luggage compartment which heads up the segment thanks to the technological solutions adopted for closing the soft top: 377 and 198 litres, when the soft top is closed and open respectively.

Exclusive equipment for maximum comfort and safety

Lancia Flavia surrounds both driver and passengers with technology which ensures them the highest level of comfort on board, as demonstrated by the sophisticated electrically controlled soft top and the innovative UconnectTM multimedia system. In full observance of Lancia's tradition, the new model also offers the best available to date in the technological innovation field applied to both safety and protection.

Electrically controlled soft top

For savouring those unique sensations that only a convertible has to offer, Lancia Flavia adopts a sophisticated electrically controlled black soft top enclosed within the soft top cover, harmoniously built into the body with the third brake light at its base. In detail, the top has a retractable heated rear glass window that takes just 28 seconds from the time the command is given on the remote control to transform the car from a saloon into a convertible.

UconnectTM Media Center

Designed to enrich the driving experience and perfectly integrated in the design of the new Lancia Flavia, the innovative UconnectTM Media Center offers a 6.5" touch-screen and voice commands for easy control of several multimedia sources and outputs. It is also possible to customise on-board multimedia entertainment through iPod® integration and the auxiliary port for MP3 players. The Media Center also includes a modern Radio/CD/DVD/MP3/WMA system and a 40 GB hard disk where music, photos and voice messages can be stored through a USB interface. In addition to the software and navigation maps, the hard disk can contain up to about 6,700 tracks, depending on the model.

By connecting a digital device with analogue connection to the USB port located in the storage compartment, you can listen to hours and hours of digital music in MP3 and WMA formats. The audio is played by the car stereo system - a sophisticated "Boston Acoustics Sound System" with 6 speakers is standard - while the information (artist, track title, album, etc.) is displayed on the radio screen. In addition, the audio peripheral device battery recharges when connected to the USB/AUX connector. Another peculiar feature of Lancia Flavia is the "UConnectTM GPS": the satellite navigation function with 2D and 3D bird's eye view maps and progressive route guidance.

Next-generation Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

A constant, predictable handling of the car that compensates for any mistakes by the driver, allowing critical situations to be tackled effortlessly, is a fundamental requirement for achieving high active safety. In this field Lancia Flavia comes with not only an excellent braking system, but also the most sophisticated electronic dynamic control devices available today. Starting from the next-generation Antilock Braking System (ABS) that detects and prevents the wheels from locking by acting independently on all four wheels, improving steering control in extreme braking conditions and/or on slippery surfaces.

Electronic stability control (ESC)

The system increases the driver's control of the vehicle to allow him to maintain a stable direction in all driving conditions. It is useful in critical situations, when cornering and when driving on mixed surfaces in the presence of snow, ice or gravel for example. If a difference between the driver's action on the steering wheel and the vehicle path is detected, the ESC applies selective braking and then restores the accelerator's action, returning the vehicle to the speed the driver wants.

Multistage front airbags and side bags

The front airbags of Lancia Flavia are fitted with an advanced latest generation multistage system which supplies an opening adequate for the severity of a crash, which is detected by the ECU that manages the restraint systems and the sensors located at the front of the vehicle. The inflation device for the first stage engages immediately during an impact which requires the activation of the airbag. The timing device for the second stage determines whether the supply force required is low, medium or high. If a low supply is sufficient to meet the needs of the situation, the second stage release is delayed in order to eliminate, in the case of a crash, pyrotechnic material activated by the system. To protect the passenger's pelvis and chest when the side of the car is struck, Lancia Flavia is equipped with side bags which are located inside the backrests, ensuring better protection of occupants, regardless of their stature, the position that they assume and the adjustment of the seat.

Active headrests

The Lancia Flavia's headrests are designed to reduce the risk of injury by limiting the head's movement in the case of shunt. The restraint system ECU (ORC - Occupant Restraint Controller) determines whether the severity or type of rear impact requires the activation of the front headrests. If their activation is required, the front half of both active headrests extends forward to reduce its distance to the occupant's neck.

2.4 litre engine and 6-speed automatic transmission

The new Lancia Flavia is equipped with a "WGE" family 2.4 litre 4-cylinder petrol engine. Built entirely of aluminium and equipped with dual variable valve timing 16-valve cylinder (intake and exhaust side), the engine generates power of up to 170 HP (125 kW) at 6,000 rpm and maximum torque of 220 Nm at 4,500 rpm, values able to ensure the new Lancia Flavia a lively temperament and at the same time great driving flexibility.

Another distinctive trait of this 2.4-litre engine is represented by two balancing counter-shafts that turn at twice the speed of the crankshaft to balance the second order alternating forces, ensuring an excellent acoustic and vibrational behaviour. Finally, the chain distribution is maintenance-free, ensuring maximum reliability.

To achieve maximum driving comfort, the engine is combined with a 6-speed automatic transmission with sequential Autostick® function that also allows manual gear selection. The engine and transmission are transversely mounted and the traction is on the front wheels. The top speed of the new Lancia Flavia is 195 km/h and it accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 10.8 seconds; fuel consumption in the homologation combined cycle is 9.4 litres/100 km with CO2 emissions equal to 221 g/km.

Technical specifications

Technical specifications
  • DIMENSIONS
    • Seats: 4
    • Length: 4947 mm
    • Width: 1843 mm
    • Height: 1479 mm
    • Track
      • Front: 1570 mm
      • Rear: 1570 mm
    • Luggage compartment capacity
      • with open soft top: 377dm3
      • with closed soft top: 198 dm3
  • ENGINE
    • No. of cylinders, layout: 4, in line
    • Bore × stroke: 88 x 97 mm
    • Displacement: 2360 cm3
    • Compression ratio: 10.5:1
    • Max power: 170 HP (125 kW) @ 6000 rpm
    • Max. torque: 220 Nm @ 4500 rpm
    • Fuel supply: Multipoint electronic injection
    • Timing system: 2 overhead camshafts (chain), variable valve timing (intake and exhaust side), balancing counter-shafts
  • TRANSMISSION
    • Drive system: Front
    • Transmission: Automatic 6-speed with electronic control and hydraulic torque converter
  • TYRES
    • Size: 215/55 R18
  • STEERING
    • Steering box: Rack and pinion with hydraulic servo control
    • Turning circle: 11.6 m
  • SUSPENSION
    • Front: Independent wheel with McPherson layout and stabiliser bar
    • Rear: Independent wheel with Multilink layout and stabiliser bar
  • BRAKES
    • Front: Self-ventilating disc brakes: 340 x 28 mm
    • Rear: Solid disc brakes: 302 x 10 mm
  • CAPACITIES - WEIGHTS
    • Fuel tank: 64 litres
    • Kerb weight: 1856 kg
  • PERFORMANCE
    • Top speed: 195 km/h
    • Acceleration 0-100 km/h: 10.8 s
  • FUEL CONSUMPTION - EMISSIONS
    • Urban: 13.6 l/100km
    • Extra-urban: 7.0 l/100km
    • Combined: 9.4 l/100km
    • CO2: 221 g/km
    • Environmental classification: Euro 5+
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2013 Seat Toledo

This is full review about 2013 Seat Toledo. The new SEAT Toledo is coming. Dynamic and elegantly dressed in SEAT's modern design, driven by highly efficient TSI and TDI engines, with outstanding practicality and excellent workmanship, the saloon is sticking to the recipe for success that proved so popular for its predecessors. SEAT produced more than 860,000 units of the first two SEAT Toledo ranges alone - success based on the combination of attractive design and practical characteristics. The new generation continues this formula: with generous space, a high degree of flexibility, outstanding efficiency and excellent value-for-money, the new Toledo appeals to customers seeking a practical, top-quality and affordable saloon car for the whole family - without missing out on elegant design and dynamic driving fun.

"The new Toledo will write a whole new success story with its clear SEAT identity, its high quality standard and its extraordinary value-for-money," says James Muir, President of SEAT, S.A. "The Toledo combines great design with amazing practicality, dynamic driving fun with excellent efficiency. This is how we envisage the perfect saloon. Our customers will say: 'That is a great car at a great price!'"

The all-new SEAT Toledo will be launched initially in Spain and Portugal in mid-November 2012 and then in the rest of Europe during 2013. Next to Spain, other key markets for SEAT Toledo are Germany, Mexico and Turkey.

Attractive look with amazing practicality

With a length of 4.48 metres, the new SEAT Toledo is four centimetres longer than its predecessor from 2004. In contrast to the Toledo II, which was equipped with a conventional boot lid, the latest version of the model line comes with a large, wide-opening rear hatch. The comparatively long wheelbase of 2,602 millimetres (80 millimetres longer than the Toledo II) delivers a generous feeling of space and plenty of legroom for all passengers.













"The new Toledo is a true SEAT - perfect for the demands of everyday life, with the highest quality and reliability," says Dr. Matthias Rabe, Vice President of Research and Development for SEAT S.A. "The latest drive and chassis technologies of Volkswagen Group deliver excellent driving fun, as well as outstanding efficiency and safety. And when it comes to consumption and emissions figures in particular, the Toledo is among the best-in-class."

Clear design with extra refinement

The design of the new SEAT Toledo is a consistent development of the new SEAT brand design presented in the IBE, IBX and IBL studies. And it proves that a five-door, compact, notchback saloon can be exceptionally emotional, sporty and elegant.

The new SEAT Toledo has a powerful and solid stance, with clear and precisely defined surfaces, lines and edges. The broad, angular headlamps are a feature of the brand's current design DNA. Together with the trapezoidal, extremely slender grille, the lower air intake and the horizontal rear light clusters, they bring added visual breadth to the car.

The designers injected an extra portion of refinement into the roofline; it runs in an elegant arc to the broad C-pillar, which rises smoothly from the rear side portion. The low lying rear windscreen gives the new SEAT a certain coupé look, without impacting in any way its versatility and functionality.

"The new Toledo is a timeless personality. It combines classically modern lines with understated sporting character and a high level of everyday practicality. It is the SEAT among saloon cars, with excellent design quality in every detail," says Alejandro Mesonero-Romanos, Head of SEAT Design.

The latest engines, outstanding efficiency

As a completely new model, the SEAT Toledo makes use of the very latest Volkswagen Group engines. At the pinnacle are highly efficient TSI spark-ignition engines in 1.2 and 1.4 displacements, and a 1.6 common-rail TDI unit. A 7-speed dual-shift gearbox DSG is offered in combination with the most powerful petrol variants. The petrol engines generate between 55 kW (75 hp) and 90 kW (122 hp); the Ecomotive version boasts CO2 emissions of just 116 g/km. The Ecomotive version of the TDI diesel engine - which produces 77 kW (105 hp) from a displacement of 1.6 litres - also offers a best-in-class figure of 104 g/km. During 2013, SEAT will expand the SEAT Toledo diesel line-up with a 66 kW (90 hp) TDI variant.

Great equipment as standard

The standard safety package for all SEAT Toledos includes driver and passenger airbags, front side airbags and head/thorax airbags. The base model also comes with central locking, a two piece folding rear backrest and power windows in the front. The more extensively equipped Reference and Style versions offer additional extras in comfort and design.

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